Faulty breast implant firm in French court

FROM: http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/latest-news/faulty-breast-implant-firm-in-french-court/story-fn3dxix6-1226620646763

• AAP
• April 15, 2013 1:39PM

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France is to start a major trial over the sale of faulty breast implants to nearly 300,000 women. Source: AAP

FRANCE is about to launch one its biggest-ever trials as five managers from company PIP face charges of selling faulty breast implants that sparked a global health scare.

More than 5,000 women have registered as plaintiffs in the case, which sees the defendants including 73-year-old PIP founder Jean-Claude Mas charged with aggravated fraud for using industrial-grade silicone in implants.

An estimated 300,000 women in 65 countries, including Australia, are believed to have received the implants, which are twice as likely to rupture as other brands.

News of the faulty implants in 2011 sparked fears worldwide, but health officials in various countries have said they were not toxic and did not increase the risk of breast cancer. A 10-year case study has been launched in France to determine the long-term effects.

More than 4,000 women have reported ruptures in the implants and in France alone 15,000 have had the PIP implants replaced.

Hundreds of the victims, as well as some 300 lawyers, are expected to attend the trial which starts on Wednesday in the southern port city of Marseille, near PIP's former headquarters.

Authorities have moved the proceedings to a hall of the city's congress centre that seats 700 people and provided three other rooms where more than 800 others will be able to watch video transmissions.

The logistical costs of the trial have been estimated at 800,000 euros ($A1 million) .

The defendants face up to five years in prison and the trial is set to last until May 17.

Victims say they are anxious to see PIP representatives held to account for the trauma suffered by women with the implants.

Mas, a former travelling salesman who got his start in the medical business by selling pharmaceuticals, founded PIP in 1991 to take advantage of the booming market for cosmetic implants.

He built the company into the third-largest global supplier of implants, but came under the spotlight when plastic surgeons began reporting an unusual number of ruptures in his products.

Health authorities later discovered he was saving millions of euros by allegedly using industrial-grade gel in 75 per cent of the implants. PIP's implants were banned and the company eventually liquidated.

PIP had exported more than 80 per cent of its implants, with about half going to Latin America, about a third to other countries in western Europe, about 10 per cent to eastern Europe and the rest to the Middle East and Asia.

France is the only major country that has compensated women for having the implants replaced, but at ceiling of 4,200 euros.

Many of the plaintiffs are hoping the trial will open the door to more widespread compensation, including for women outside France.

Lawyers for some plaintiffs have called for plastic surgeons and the German safety standards firm that gave the implants the all-clear to also face criminal charges.

45 Uses For Lemons That Will Blow Your Socks Off

Most people are familiar with the traditional uses for lemons to soothe sore throats and add some citrus flavor to our foods.

However the diversity of applications for lemons far exceeds general knowledge and once you read the following list, you 'll likely want to stock at least a few lemons in your kitchen 24-7.

FROM: http://www.whydontyoutrythis.com/2013/05/45-uses-for-lemons-that-will-blow-your-socks-off.html

Found thanks to @joeygiggles on Twitter => https://twitter.com/joeygiggles

Friday, May 31, 2013 4 comments

Most people are familiar with the traditional uses for lemons to soothe sore throats and add some citrus flavor to our foods.

However the diversity of applications for lemons far exceeds general knowledge and once you read the following list, you 'll likely want to stock at least a few lemons in your kitchen 24-7.


1. Freshen the Fridge
Remove refrigerator odors with ease. Dab lemon juice on a cotton ball or sponge and leave it in the fridge for several hours. Make sure to toss out any malodorous items that might be causing the bad smell.

2. High Blood Pressure
Lemon contains potassium which controls high blood pressure and reduces the effect of nausea and dizziness.

3. Prevent Cauliflower From Turning Brown
Cauliflower tend to turn brown with even the slightest cooking. You can make sure the white vegetables stay white by squeezing a teaspoon of fresh lemon juice on them before heating.

4. Mental Health
Lemon water can also prep up your mood and relieve you from depression and stress. Long distance walkers and world travelers as well as explorers look upon the lemon as a Godsend. When fatigue begins, a lemon is sucked through a hole in the top. Quick acting medicine it is, giving almost unbelievable refreshments.

5. Refresh Cutting Boards
No wonder your kitchen cutting board smells! After all, you use it to chop onions, crush garlic, and prepare fish. To get rid of the smell and help sanitize the cutting board, rub it all over with the cut side of half a lemon or wash it in undiluted juice straight from the bottle.

6. Respiratory Problems
Lemon water can reduce phlegm; and can also help you breathe properly and aids a person suffering with asthma.

7. Treating Arthritis and Rheumatism
Lemon is a diuretic - assists in the production of urine which helps you to reduce inflammation by flushing out toxins and bacteria while also giving you relief from arthritis and rheumatism.

8. Prevents Kidney Stones
Regular consumption of the refreshing drink -- or even lemon juice mixed with water -- may increase the production of urinary citrate, a chemical in the urine that prevents the formation of crystals that may build up into kidney stones.

9. Keep Insects Out of the Kitchen
You don’t need insecticides or ant traps to ant-proof your kitchen. Just give it the lemon treatment. First squirt some lemon juice on door thresholds and windowsills. Then squeeze lemon juice into any holes or cracks where the ants are getting in. Finally, scatter small slices of lemon peel around the outdoor entrance. The ants will get the message that they aren’t welcome. Lemons are also effective against roaches and fleas: Simply mix the juice of 4 lemons (along with the rinds) with 1/2 gallon (2 liters) water and wash your floors with it; then watch the fleas and roaches flee. They hate the smell.

10. Anti-Aging
Lemon water reduces the production of free radicals which are responsible for aging skin and skin damage. Lemon water is calorie free and an antioxidant.

11. Fruit and Vegetable Wash
You never know what kind of pesticides or dirt may be lurking on the skin of your favorite fruits and vegetables. Slice your lemon and squeeze out one tablespoon of lemon juice into your spray bottle. The lemon juice is a natural disinfectant and will leave your fruits and vegetables smelling nice too.

12. Treat Infections
Lemon water can fight throat infections thanks to its antibacterial property. If salt water does not work for you, try lime and water for gargling.

13. Deodorize Your Garbage
If your garbage is beginning to smell yucky, here’s an easy way to deodorize it: Save leftover lemon and orange peels and toss them at the base under the bag. To keep it smelling fresh, repeat once every couple of weeks.

14. Keep Guacamole Green
You’ve been making guacamole all day long for the big party, and you don’t want it to turn brown on top before the guests arrive. The solution: Sprinkle a liberal amount of fresh lemon juice over it and it will stay fresh and green. The flavor of the lemon juice is a natural complement to the avocados in the guacamole. Make the fruit salad hours in advance too. Just squeeze some lemon juice onto the apple slices, and they’ll stay snowy white.

15. Purges The Blood
We consume a lot of junk food or food with a lot of preservatives and artificial flavours. This builds up a lot of toxins in the blood and body but daily consumption of lemon water helps to purify the blood.

16. Make Soggy Lettuce Crisp
Don’t toss that soggy lettuce into the garbage. With the help of a little lemon juice you can toss it in a salad instead. Add the juice of half a lemon to a bowl of cold water. Then put the soggy lettuce in it and refrigerate for 1 hour. Make sure to dry the leaves completely before putting them into salads or sandwiches.

17. Oral Health
Lemon juice also stops bleeding gums and reduces toothaches

18. Lighten Age Spots
Why buy expensive creams when you’ve got lemon juice? To lighten liver spots or freckles, try applying lemon juice directly to the area. Let it sit for 15 minutes and then rinse your skin clean. It’s a safe and effective skin-lightening agent.

19. Create Blonde Highlights
For salon-worthy highlights, add 1/4 cup lemon juice to 3/4 cup water and rinse your hair with the mixture. Then, sit in the sun until your hair dries. To maximize the effect, repeat once daily for up to a week.

20. Make a Room Scent/Humidifier
Freshen and moisturize the air in your home on dry winter days. Make your own room scent that also doubles as a humidifier. If you have a wood-burning stove, place an enameled cast-iron pot or bowl on top, fill with water, and add lemon (and/or orange) peels, cinnamon sticks, cloves, and apple skins. No wood-burning stove? Use your stovetop instead and just simmer the water periodically.

21. Clean and Whiten Nails
Pamper your hands without a manicurist. Add the juice of 1/2 lemon to 1 cup warm water and soak your fingertips in the mixture for 5 minutes. After pushing back the cuticles, rub some lemon peel back and forth against the nail.

22. Cleanse Your Face
Zap zits naturally by dabbing lemon juice on blackheads to draw them out during the day. You can also wash your face with lemon juice for a natural cleanse and exfoliation. Your skin should improve after several days of treatment. Lemon water is also a cooling agent, best way to beat the heat.

23. Freshen Your Breath
Make an impromptu mouthwash by rinsing with lemon juice straight from the bottle. Swallow for longer-lasting fresh breath. The citric acid in the juice alters the pH level in your mouth, killing bacteria that causes bad breath. Rinse after a few minutes because long-term exposure to the acid in lemons can harm tooth enamel.

24. Treat Flaky Dandruff
If itchy, scaly dandruff has you scratching your head, relief may be no farther away than your refrigerator. Just massage two tablespoons lemon juice into your scalp and rinse with water. Then stir one teaspoon lemon juice into one cup water and rinse your hair with it. Repeat daily until your dandruff disappears.

25. Get Rid of Tough Stains on Marble
You probably think of marble as stone, but it is really petrified calcium (also known as old seashells). That explains why it is so porous and easily stained and damaged. Those stains can be hard to remove. If washing won’t remove a stubborn stain, try this: Cut a lemon in half, dip the exposed flesh into some table salt, and rub it vigorously on the stain. But do this only as a last resort; acid can damage marble. Rinse well. Use These Lemons To Clean - Easy and Effective

26. Remove Berry Stains
It sure was fun to pick your own berries, but now your fingers are stained with berry juice that won’t come off no matter how much you scrub with soap and water. Try washing your hands with undiluted lemon juice, then wait a few minutes and wash with warm, soapy water. Repeat until your hands are stain-free.

27. Soften Dry, Scaly Elbows
Itchy elbows are bad enough, but they look terrible too. For better looking (and feeling) elbows, mix baking soda and lemon juice to make an abrasive paste, then rub it into your elbows for a soothing, smoothing, and exfoliating treatment. Rinse your extremities in a mixture of equal parts lemon juice and water, then massage with olive oil and dab dry with a soft cloth.

28. Headaches
Lemon juice with a few teaspoons of hot tea added is the treatment of a sophisticated New York bartender, for those who suffer with hangover headaches--and from headaches due to many other causes. He converts his customers to this regime, and weans them away from drug remedies completely.

29. Chills and Fevers
Chills and fevers may be due to a variety of causes; never the less the lemon is always a helpful remedy. Spanish physicians regard it as an infallible friend.

30. Diptheria
Skip the vaccine for this disease. Lemon Juice Treatment still proves as one of the most powerful antiseptics and the strong digestive qualities of the fruit are admired around the world. With the juice every hour or two, and at the same time, 1/2 to 1 tsp. should be swallowed. This cuts loose the false membrane in the throat and permits it to come out.

31. Vaginal Hygiene
Diluted lemon juice makes a safe and sane method of vaginal hygiene. Though it is a powerful antiseptic it is nevertheless free from irritating drugs in douches and suppositories.

32. Forget The Moth Balls
A charming French custom to keep closets free from moths is to take ripe lemons and stick them with cloves all over the skin. The heavily studded lemons slowly dry with their cloves, leaving a marvelous odor throughout the closets and rooms.

33. Stomach Health
Digestive problems are the most common ailments but warm water and lime juice is the solution to most digestive problems. Lemon juice helps to purify the blood, reduces your chances of indigestion, constipation, eliminates toxins from the body, adds digestion and reduces phlegm.

34. Disinfect Cuts and Scrapes
Stop bleeding and disinfect minor cuts and scraps by pouring a few drops of lemon juice directly on the cut. You can also apply the juice with a cotton ball and hold firmly in place for one minute.

35. Soothe Poison Ivy Rash
You won’t need an ocean of calamine lotion the next time poison ivy comes a-creeping. Just apply lemon juice directly to the affected area to soothe itching and alleviate the rash.

36. Remove Warts
You’ve tried countless remedies to banish warts and nothing seems to work. Next time, apply a dab of lemon juice directly to the wart using a cotton swab. Repeat for several days until the acids in the lemon juice dissolve the wart completely.

37. Bleach Delicate Fabrics
Avoid additional bleach stains by swapping ordinary household chlorine bleach with lemon juice, which is milder but no less effective. Soak your delicates in a mixture of lemon juice and baking soda for at least half an hour before washing.

38. Clean Tarnished Brass and Polish Chrome
Say good-bye to tarnish on brass, copper, or stainless steel. Make a paste of lemon juice and salt (or substitute baking soda or cream of tartar for the salt) and coat the affected area. Let it stay on for 5 minutes. Then wash in warm water, rinse, and polish dry. Use the same mixture to clean metal kitchen sinks too. Apply the paste, scrub gently, and rinse. Get rid of mineral deposits and polish chrome faucets and other tarnished chrome. Simply rub lemon rind over the chrome and watch it shine! Rinse well and dry with a soft cloth.

39. Replace Your Dry Cleaner
Ditch the expensive dry-cleaning bills (and harsh chemicals) with this homegrown trick. Simply scrub the stained area on shirts and blouses with equal parts lemon juice and water. Your “pits” will be good as new, and smell nice too.

40. Boost Laundry Detergent
For more powerful cleaning action, pour 1 cup lemon juice into the washer during the wash cycle. The natural bleaching action of the juice will zap stains and remove rust and mineral discolorations from cotton T-shirts and briefs and will leave your clothes smelling fresh. Your clothes will turn out brighter and also come out smelling lemon-fresh.

41. Rid Clothes of Mildew
Have you ever unpacked clothes you stored all winter and discovered some are stained with mildew? To get rid of it, make a paste of lemon juice and salt and rub it on the affected area, then dry the clothes in sunlight. Repeat the process until the stain is gone.

42. Eliminate Fireplace Odor
There’s nothing cozier on a cold winter night than a warm fire burning in the fireplace — unless the fire happens to smell horrible. Next time you have a fire that sends a stench into the room, try throwing a few lemon peels into the flames. Or simply burn some lemon peels along with your firewood as a preventive measure.

43. Neutralize Cat-Box Odor
You don’t have to use an aerosol spray to neutralize foul-smelling cat-box odors or freshen the air in your bathroom. Just cut a couple of lemons in half. Then place them, cut side up, in a dish in the room, and the air will soon smell lemon-fresh.

44. Deodorize a Humidifier
When your humidifier starts to smell funky, deodorize it with ease: Just pour 3 or 4 teaspoons lemon juice into the water. It will not only remove the off odor but will replace it with a lemon-fresh fragrance. Repeat every couple of weeks to keep the odor from returning.

45. Reduce Asthma Symptoms
In addition to a general detoxifying diet, 2 tablespoons of lemon juice before each meal, and before retiring can reduce asthma symptoms.

* If you do consume lemon peel, stick to organic lemons to reduce your pesticide exposure.

Source: Prevent Disease 

Related:

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·         5 Foods That Kill Cancer And Help The Body Destroy Tumors Without Any Drugs 

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·         How to Clean Your Liver with 5 Natural Liver-Cleansing Tips

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German Study Says Condoms Contain Cancer-causing Chemical

FROM: http://www.dw.de/german-study-says-condoms-contain-cancer-causing-chemical/a-1220847

A German scientific research institute has warned that most condoms on the market contain a cancer-causing chemical and has urged that their manufacture be subjected to stringent quality control.

Sobering news for rubber contraceptive users.

The Chemical and Veterinary Investigation Institute in Stuttgart said on Friday it had found the carcinogen N-Nitrosamine in 29 of 32 types of condoms it tested in simulated conditions.

The condoms, which were kept in a solution with artificial sweat, exuded huge amounts of cancer-causing N-Nitrosamine from its rubber coating. Researchers measured amounts of N-Nitrosamine, that were way above the prescribed limits for other rubber products such as baby pacifiers.

"N-Nitrosamine is one of the most carcinogenic substances, " the study 's authors said. "There is a pressing need for manufacturers to tackle this problem. "

The study said that the carcinogen is thought to be present in a substance used to improve condom elasticity. When the rubber material comes in contact with human bodily fluids, it can release traces of N-Nitrosamine.

No immediate health risk

But since there are no prescribed limits of N-Nitrosamine for condoms, the study hasn 't caused panic among manufacturers or mass-recalling of the products from counters.

Local government officials said condom users should not stop using rubber contraceptives based on the results of the study because N-Nitrosamine does not present an immediate health risk.

The Baden-Würtemmberg Social Ministry said it didn 't think "it posed a risk. " Authorities are also withholding the name of the affected manufacturers for fear of litigation.

Manufacturers should use alternative substances

But Germany 's Federal Institute for Risk Assessment said that daily condom use exposed users to N-Nitrosamine levels up to three times higher than levels naturally present in food.

Werner Altkofer, head of the Stuttgart-based Chemical and Veterinary Investigation Institute said that though the production of rubber usually uses chemicals that can exude N-Nitrosamine, condom manufacturers could bypass it by using more expensive alternative substances available on the market that didn 't form the carcinogen.

"We believe that it 's up to the manufacturers to use other production processes so that no N-Nitrosamine is formed in condoms, " Altkofer said.

He added that the latter was technically possible going by the fact that products of some manufacturers didn 't show traces of the carcinogen during the testing.

Beate Uhse taking no chances

Germany 's biggest erotica compnay Beate Uhse however, has decided to play it safe.

Shortly after the results of the study were introduced on Friday, the group banned chocolate-flavored condoms from its range. That was because the study had show that condoms laced with a chocolate flavoring had overwhelming high levels of N-Nitrosamine.

DW.DE

Initial post: Oct 15, 2006 12:35:38 AM PDT

Paul King says:

FROM: http://www.amazon.com/Condoms-cause-ovarian-cancer/forum/FxJNYOOGIOSTSB/Tx1UHMZ2WEXZ7Q4/1?asin=0801880904

Condom Talc danger is very serious

ALL CONDOMS ARE COATED WITH TALC TO PREVENT THEM STICKING TOGETHER

Talc

Talc is a very fine substance, so fine it can be used as a "dry " lubricant.

Talc is a chemical similar to asbestos, a known cancer causing substance. Talc is found in many "baby and body " powders, feminine powders and many cosmetics. It 's alsp used as a lubricant on condoms! While it makes your skin "feel " slippery smooth, talc does so much more.

How does talc keep babies and your private parts so "fresh "? Presumably by clogging the pores that secrete those necessary fluids. Also, those fine little particles manage to get into the system. And being similar to asbestos is not comforting, especially when used on babies and genital areas.

Talc 's harmful effect on human tissues has been known for quite some time. Long ago, its dry lubricating properties were used as a glove-donning powder (easy to slide on) for surgical gloves. As early as the 1930 's, talc was linked to post-operative granulomatous peritonitis and fibrous adhesions.
-from Candace Sue Kasper, MD and Dr. P. J. Chandler

Talc...(on condoms)...may result in fallopian tube fibrosis with resultant infertility. Question raised by Doctors Kasper and Chandler in Journal of the American Medical Association. (JAMA) 3/15/95
-from Nutrition Health Review, Summer 1995 n73p8(1)

"A possible tie between talcum powder and ovarian cancer, long suspected because of talc 's chemical similarity to asbestos, was strongly supported last week when a study found a higher risk of the cancer among women who used feminine deodorant sprays. The study, published in the American Journal of Epidemiology, found that women who used talcum powder in the genital area had an increased ovarian cancer risk of 60% and women who used feminine deodorant sprays had a 90% increased risk. " In 1994, the FDA conducted a scientific workshop on the issue and did not find enough of a casual link to justify even a consumer warning.
-from The University of California, Berkeley Wellness Letter, April 1993 v9n7p1(2)

"Aluminum-containing antiperspirants are designed to be absorbed, and studies show that regular use of these products can raise the risk of Alzheimer 's by as much as three-fold. (also)...municipal water supplies treated with alum (aluminum sulfate)...at least 7 studies show that people drinking water high in alum are more likely to develop Alzheimer 's "
-from the U.S. News & World Report, March 17, 1997 v122n10p77(1)

_________

* Talc

This is found in baby powders, face powders, body powders as well as some contraceptives such as condoms. Talc is a known carcinogen and is a major cause of ovarian cancer when used in the genital area. It can be harmful if inhaled as it can lodge in the lungs, causing respiratory disorders.

http://www.anewlife.co.uk/toxic-toiletries.html

_________

Analysis Finds Link Between Talc Powders, Ovarian Cancer

By Eric Davis
WebMD Medical News

April 11, 2000 (Atlanta) -- For many women, a dusting of powder helps freshen the vaginal area. But a new study suggests that women should read the labels of so-called "talcum " feminine and bath powders closely. Cornstarch-based products may be better choices.

The study shows that powders can migrate from the vaginal area to the ovaries, and -- if the powder contains talc -- could slightly increase a woman 's risk of ovarian cancer.

Slightly is the key word here. "Exposure to talc is unlikely to be a primary factor in most cases of ovarian cancer, " writes John Whysner, MD, PhD, a researcher with the American Health Foundation in Valhalla, N.Y. He says there is not enough information to clearly say whether there is a causal relationship. Whysner reviewed over 50 papers on the subject, written over the past 30 years, for the analysis published in the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Talc is a mineral compound that is similar to asbestos; the two minerals are often found together in geological formations. In the past, some talc powders have been found to contain asbestos, but quality assurance programs have now minimized this contamination. The modest association between ovarian cancer and talc exposure found in some studies has been attributed to asbestos contamination, Whysner says.

Cornstarch, in comparison, is a food substance found in the corn kernel. Because of cornstarch 's chemical nature, it is biologically implausible for it to cause cancer, he adds.

Whysner 's review includes studies of more than 2,000 women with ovarian cancer who had used talc- and/or cornstarch-based products in the vaginal area. Some used the powder to dust sanitary napkins as well; some stored diaphragms or condoms in the powder.

Whether these powders can move through the fallopian tubes to the ovaries, where they might play a role in causing ovarian tumors, has been debated. In some studies, tubal ligation (having the tubes "tied ") was linked with a decrease in the risk of ovarian cancer, Whysner writes.

"The risk for ovarian cancer was highest among women who used talc and had not undergone surgical sterilization, " he says. He cites many studies in which the migration of particles through the fallopian tubes has been demonstrated. Both talc and asbestos have been found in human ovarian tissue.

Whysner writes that most studies have found that an increased risk for ovarian cancer is associated with exposure to talc power. "None [has] found an increased risk associated with ... cornstarch powders, " he says.

Charles J. Dunton, MD, a professor of gynecology and oncology at Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia, tells WebMD, "There 's not a cause for women to get overly upset if they 've used talc in the past. The association is not that strong, and besides, it 's all statistics, and there might be ... factors that cause the statistics to be inaccurate. "

Also, because asbestos used to be found in talc powders, some of the early findings may be distorting the current picture, Dunton says. "Most of the baby powders now contain cornstarch rather than talc, but there are products like Shower-to-Shower that contain a lot of talc. ... Although the risk is very minimal, I would avoid talc in the [vaginal] area. That 's the take-home message. "

Ira Horowitz, MD, PhD, professor and vice chairman of gynecology/obstetrics and director of gynecologic oncology at Emory University School of Medicine in Atlanta, tells WebMD, "What I tell my patients is that there looks like there might be a causal relationship between talc and ovarian cancer ... [but] there 's a lot we don 't know. "



Vital Information:

* A new study has shown that dusting the vaginal area with powders containing talc may slightly increase a woman 's risk of ovarian cancer.
* Talc is a mineral compound similar to asbestos, and the two are often found together in geological formations, which might explain the increased cancer risk.
* Women should opt for cornstarch over talc powders. But there 's no need to panic, as the increased risk of cancer is small, asbestos contamination is better controlled today than in the past, and the information on any association between talc and cancer is not complete.

http://my.webmd.com/content/article/23/1728_56505?src=Inktomi&condition=Home%20&%20Top%20Stories

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Nine things you probably never knew about Uruguay

FROM: http://www.theguardian.com/world/shortcuts/2013/oct/22/nine-things-never-knew-uruguay-legal-marijuana?INTCMP=ILCNETTXT3487

Uruguay has just become the first country in the world to sell legal marijuana for recreational use – but here are a few more surprising facts about the South American nation
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Marijuana plants in Montevideo, Uruguay. Photograph: Matilde Campodonico/AP
1 To combat problems related to drug trafficking, Uruguay has just become the first country in the world to license the production, distribution and sale of marijuana. This week it was reported that it will be sold for $1 a gram.
2 This is around an eighth of what it sells for at American legal marijuana dispensaries. Uruguayans should probably brace themselves for a wave of tourism from people thrilled that they don 't have to pretend to have glaucoma any more.
3 However, Uruguay also has one of the most strictly enforced smoking bans in South America. It was initiated in 2006 by then-president Tabaré Vázquez, who remained a practising oncologist throughout his tenure. Vázquez was also president in 2009, when Uruguay became the first country to guarantee every schoolchild a free laptop and wireless internet access.
4 The first ever Fifa World Cup was held in Uruguay in 1930. In the buildup to the final – which Uruguay won, beating Argentina 4-2 – disagreements over the type of ball that should be used became so heated that death threats were made and fans were frisked for weapons on the way into the stadium. The Belgian referee, fearing for his safety, only agreed to officiate so long as there was a boat waiting for him at the nearest harbour to give him a speedy getaway at full time.
 Uruguayan football fans show their support for the national team. Photograph: Buda Mendes/Getty Images
5 Uruguay 's rivalry with Argentina continued for decades, with its first flush of rock bands initiating the so-called Uruguayan Invasion of Argentina in the mid-1960s. This was led by two English-speaking bands, Los Shakers and Los Mockers, who modelled themselves on the Beatles and the Rolling Stones respectively. You 'd never know.
6 One of the most popular beverages in Uruguay is mate, a tea-like drink made of dried yerba mate leaves, which may or may not be carcinogenic. Legend has it that mate was presented as a gift from the gods to humanity after a man stopped two goddesses from being eaten by a jaguar. This is almost definitely false.
7 As a country with no official religion, Uruguay has renamed many of its traditional Catholic holidays. Christmas, for instance, is called Family Day and Holy Week is called Tourism Week.
8 Uruguay has the longest national anthem in the world. It has 11 verses, can run for about six minutes and contains the line "No one insults the image of the sun! " That said, it is incredibly catchy.acc
9 Homer Simpson thinks "Uruguay " is pronounced "You are gay ".